I will post My country Profile and my Position Papers, I may say this was a really hard proyect for me and I still having some problems whith it ...
Name: Greta Gallart Mercanti
Kazakhstan Country Profile
Kazakhstan is a big country, actually it is the 9th largest country in the earth, it looks weak since it is between two of the strongest countries: Russia and China. But, after doing some researching you may notice about how important is this country and how proactive it behaves against bad situations. This Country was part of Russia and now it´s an independent country, also an active UN member. It is conformed of many different nationalities, ethnic groups and religions. And it is a very good destiny for tourism even thought it is not a main source.
Kazakhstan is a mixture of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes. It started to have a population during the 13th century but there is evidence of human habitation more than 300,000 years ago. There were three main tribes: Usun in the east, Kangiui in the south, and Alani in the west. This tribes were very similar to the Huns and they used to have a lot in common during the 4th and 5th century. Turkic Kaganate was the first state to be well established during the 6th century and after it the Turgesh state took its place in the 8th century. (2)
It was colonized by Russia in the 18th century and it finally became a Soviet country in 1936 and their independence was in 1991, it was a peaceful independence because of Russia´s low economy. The first constitution after their independence of Russia was made in 1993 and then they made a referendum in 1995.In August 30 Kazakhstan celebrate the Constitution Day (2 ,4)“We, the people of Kazakhstan, united by a common historic fate, creating a state on the indigenous Kazakh land, considering ourselves a peace-loving and civil society, dedicated to the ideals of freedom, equality and concord, wishing to take a worthy place in the world community, realizing our high responsibility before the present and future generations, proceeding from our sovereign right, accept this Constitution.” -Preamble of the Constitution (6) It delivers 95 articles and it is redacted as a list of rules, rights and obligations for the citizens. For example in the Article1 section 4”The names "Republic of Kazakhstan" and "Kazakhstan" have the same meaning.” It explains in a simple way how the country should be named. Or in the Article 12 section 3 “Every citizen of the Republic shall have rights and bear responsibilities owing to his citizenship.” It promotes rights and its responsibilities. In the Article 12 section 4. “Foreigners and stateless persons in the Republic shall enjoy rights and freedoms as well as bear responsibilities established for the citizens unless otherwise stipulated by the Constitution, laws and international treaties.”(6) It talks about Foreign and stateless people, referring about how everyone in the country without exception shall follow the rules.
Between 1906 and 1912 more than a half-million Russian farms were started as part of the Stolypin reforms. By 1916 the Kazakhs were broken and starving. And showed a strong effort against the Russians. At the revolution in 1918, secular nationalists called the Alash Orda to create a Kazakh government, but it lasted less than two years. (2 , 3)
In World War II Russian and European people and industry was evacuated to Kazakhstan, increasing it´s population. The territory or Kazakhstan was habituated by three almost equal parts: Russian, European and Kazakhs; creating problems within the people, but Kazakhstan government controlled pretty well the situation.(2)
Kazakhstan is the 9th largest country in the world its capital is Astana , and based on information of the Central Intelligence Agency, Kazakhstan’s total area is 2,724,900 sq km, 2,699,700 square kilometers of land and 25,200 kilometers of water. ( 3)
The countries that surround Kazakhstan are China with 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan with 1,224 km, Russia with 6,846 km, Turkmenistan with 379 km, and Uzbekistan with 2,203 km, with a total of 12,185 km. (3)
The country´s coastline is 0 km because it is mainly surrounded by land. Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water of 1,070 km, and the Caspian Sea of 1,894 km. My country: Kazakhstan has a population of 15,399,437 persons and the last census was on July 2010 all this according to CIA. (3)
Kazakhstan main sources of water are Syr Darya river, the longest river in Central Asia, it is about 2,212 km big. Ural river runs all the way through Kazakhstan and ends feeding the Caspian Sea. It stretches to 2428 km. according to encyclopedia Britannica. All the water sources are important to my country since it does not count with the biggest source: the Ocean. It is very important for economical activities like tourism. (5)
The geography of my country Kazakhstan has a really big influence in every single of its activities because of its big size and its fertile land. Fishing, for example is not a big industry like agriculture or tourism, because of its big mountains there is a lot of hiking activities which attracts tourists from plane countries. They also have a lot of space where they can make their main activity that is upbringing ovine. There is also the fact of the oil, which lies all around the country and thanks to it Kazakhstan´s economy hasn´t lowed that much in the last years.
The Religion in my country is mostly based on Islam and Christian and it is formed by Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%. (3) Religion plays an important part in the politics of my country because it is Muslim and in that area countries have a lot of problems like terrorism because of differences in religions as in many other areas during the entire world´s history.
Kazakhstan is conformed by many ethnic groups of different religions, points of view and nationality. The ethnic groups found in my country are Kazakh (Qazaq) 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek 2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.7%, Uighur 1.4%, other 4.9%, based on 1999 government census. (3)
The Country statistics based on CIA tell that the languages mostly used in Kazakhstan are Kazakh 64.4%, Russian is the official language, and it is used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication" 95% . (#3 & 5)
The literacy in Kazakhstan is not low as in other countries and the numbers tell us that 99.5% of people aged 15 and over can read and write. Male: 99.8 and female: 99.3% having a lightly majority from male citizens. (2, 3 ,5)
Culture is very important to my country and in my opinion it is very related to religion. Because of its variety of religions, ethnic groups and knowledge.
Kazakhstan´s economy has never been something to be proud of, Kazakhstan used to be socialist because it was part of the Soviet Union, but now it is capitalist. The GDP per capita is $11,800.The economy hasn´t been very stable, because of the conflicts of socialism and capitalism and the problem with the break of the Soviet union. (2, 3)
The gross national product (GNP) is $181.9 billion and the gross domestic product (GDP) is
$109.3 billion. (2)
The monetary system is the tenge and according to the National Bank of Kazakhstan one Mexican peso is almost 11 tenges. [Conversion made in October. 16. 2010]
My country has big fossil fuel reserves and a lot of supplies of other minerals and metals.
Its economy is based also in the agricultural sector with livestock (domestic animals) and grain. Kazakhstan has an industry sector focused on the extraction and processing of their natural resources.The main exports of the Republic are oil and oil products in a 59%, metals 19%, chemicals 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, and coal. The main imports are machinery, and food. My country´s main partners are China, France, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Italy and USA. ( 3, 4 , 5)
The Republic of Kazakhstan possesses major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium.The main resource of my country is oil and natural gas and it affects its economy because they depend on it and their economy depends on it. The geography is very important too because it is very close to China and Russia, both of them very important countries in the world. 3, 4)
My country does have conflicts with another countries, and its because of the territory delimitation. It used to have the capitalist countries as enemies. But now the conflicts are principally with Kyrgyzstan, and with Uzbekistan. It has also conflict with Russia and Azerbaijan due to the entrance of the Caspian Sea. The territory with China has been delimited. But this same Countries are also allies according to the Kazakhstan Government´s official site. (3 ,4)
Kazakhstan has participation with a lot of international organizations, according to the CIA world fact book ,besides UN: ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC.(3)
Kazakhstan is a republic; an authoritarian Presidential rule, and little power outside the executive branch. Nursultan NAZARBAYEV is the president of the Republic and he was re elected by the 91% (5) of the citizens giving faith of his good work and the admiration of the majority of the citizens. Thanks to him, the annual economic growth has increased 10% since 2001, and has been credited with ensuring the country's stability.(5) Also have concentrated the power in his hands and those of his family; to have suppressed the opposition. He said would move Kazakhstan towards a democratic, free and lawful society. All this according to BBC
The government has an executive branch , is ruled by the president Nursultan NAZARBAYEV, a judicial branch with a supreme court and a constitutional council of seven members and the legislative branch with a bicameral parliament. ( 4 , 5)
The main political parties are: Adilet (Justice) [Maksut NARIKBAYEV, Zeynulla ALSHIMBAYEV, Serik ABDRAHMANOV, Bakhytbek AKHMETZHAN, Yerkin ONGARBAYEV, Tolegan SYDYKOV] (formerly Democratic Party of Kazakhstan); Agrarian and Industrial Union of Workers Block or AIST (Agrarian Party and Civic Party); Ak Zhol Party (Bright Path) [Alikhan BAYMENOV]; Alga [Vladimir KOZLOV] (unregistered); Auyl (Village) [Gani KALIYEV]; Azat Party [Bolat ABILOV] (formerly True Ak Zhol Party); Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN]; Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV]; National Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Nur-Otan [Bakhytzhan ZHUMAGULOV] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged with Otan); Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV]; Rukhaniyat (Spirituality) [Altynshash ZHAGANOVA]. (3)
The Republic has a good army with Ground Forces, Navy, Air Mobile Forces, and Air Defense Forces. (5, 3 , 4)
The Republic of Kazakhstan joined the UN in 2 March 1992. UN has intervened with establishment of the Human Rights and peacekeeping helping it and its people.( 1 , 5)
Here I quote the words of the ambassador showing the work of my country. “Our country has made historic contributions in the field of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation by voluntarily eliminating its nuclear arsenal, acceding as a non-nuclear state and shutting down the former Semipalatinsk nuclear testing ground, thus ensuring global and regional stability. Kazakhstan's initiatives on convening the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) and the Congress of World and Traditional Religions, as well as active position on regional integration have deserved world recognition and greatly contributed to the cause of peace, security and economic prosperity of the countries of Eurasia”.(1) Kazakhstan believes that the United Nations should be more active and it agrees with their principles. (1)
My country´s problems are any economic, social, cultural, or political conflicts that lead to a country’s instability. The main problems of my country are the international disputes of territory with their neighbors. (3,5, 2) It causes political and social problems, because the person of my country hates their neighbors. The govern is trying to solve this promoting a good relation between neighbor countries and The Republic by making meets between ministers, the few nongovernmental organizations promote tolerance and respect. (2)
MLA:
1) Permanent Mission of Kazakhstan to the United Nations. Byrganym AITIMOVA.15/October/2010. http://www.kazakhstanun.org/mission_to_the_un/ambassadormessage/AmbassadorsMessage.html
2) Encyclopedia of the Nations- Kazakhstan. Advameg Inc. 17/October/2010.http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Kazakhstan
3) Central Intelligence Agency The world factbook Central Asia: Kazakhstan.CIA.17/October/2010.https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html
5) BBC News Kazakhstan Country Profile.BBC.16/October/2010.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1298071.stm
MUN Kazakhstan Republic Position Paper
Topic A: The development of regulations on the management of electronic waste.
The Electronic waste or as some people prefer to call it E-waste is a big problem in the world´s environment as it is a problem in my country Kazakhstan Republic. According to the E-waste guide the E-waste or Electronic waste “is the term used to describe old, end-of-life or discarded appliances using electricity. It includes computers, consumer electronics, fridges etc which have been disposed of by their original users.” The E-waste is increasing since the world keeps on producing new electronic devices and consumerism makes the rest. It was not a problem before, but now this “new” problem attempts to change ecologically our way of living how we know it, it is a chance to start a change. (8, 3, 7, 1)
Kazakhstan Republic tries to contribute by hosting and attending to ecological events, e-waste conferences, etc... “in 29 June 2010 the capital of Kazakhstan hosted a round table «Waste management: foreign experience and realities of Kazakhstan» (...)The event discussed the reviews of foreign experience in the system of waste management. In particular, separate collection of waste, waste recycling tariffs, and hazardous household waste management” (7) this is one of the examples of the actions taken. My country has made champagnes about environmental conscience to convince our citizens to change a little their way of living before they have to change it completely, “The three Rs” is one of the topics we´ve promoted. (10, 8, 1, 3)
In addition, Kazakhstan is a nation in growth and it can´t compete yet with others countries economy or options, but as a nation is able to give ideas and work with the population.
Topic B: Protection of Global Climate for present and future generations of mankind.
The Global Climate, a pattern of weather, it indicates the earth’s climate changes from warm to cool. But lately the heat has been growing because of human evolution, CO2, contamination, trash, and other careless actions from the human species. This not only affects us humans it also affects physics, biology, meteorology, oceanography, and sociology. This is not a problem that only affects some nations; it actually affects the entire world as a single planet affected by its habitants. The Global Climate is a big problem, it can have consequences as Global Warming, the “El Niño” phoneme, natural disasters, and more and it is a relevant theory to say that these disasters can eventually extinguish the mankind. It is important for Kazakhstan to create conscience about this topic and to start acting. (1, 2, 8)
My Country is working hard against this issue with international meetings and porting ideas to get solutions “Kazakhstan is by right considered the leading CIS country in terms of environment best enabling investment, which is evidenced by the fact that Kazakhstan was the first CIS country that received investment rating from international rating agency Moody’s in 2002 and later in 2004 from Standard & Poor’s and Fitch, and by the findings of surveys conducted by other international experts and international organisations.” (9)
The human race needs to start noticing about their “foot print” and changing customs as the govern of their own country may help them and make the same with ecological projects. (9, 4, 5,10)
MLA
1) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/104/49/19214.full . November 2010
2) Global climate search. November 2010. http://www.exploratorium.edu/climate/
3) National Geographic .Biology. The Dynamics of life. 2004. Unit Two: Ecology. Chapter five: Biological Diversity and Conservation. Total of 710 pages
4) Enviromental Council Topics. November 2010. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxpYXNzdHVkeXNraWxsc3xneDo1OTYxODk2MTExODJjMGUx
5) Abengoa Solar, Solutions to a global climate change. November 2010.http://www.abengoasolar.com/corp/export/sites/solar/resources/pdf/Sevilla_PV.pdf
6) HubPages. How can we stop Pollution? . November 2010. http://hubpages.com/hub/How-we-can-Stop-Pollution
7) Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of Kazakhstan. Waste Management. November 2010. http://ec.europa.eu/delegations/kazakhstan/press_corner/all_news/news/2010/20100628_01_en.htm
8) FIC. November 2010. http://www.fic.kz/content.asp?parent=1&lng=en&mid=10
9) FIC Climate. November 2010. http://www.fic.kz/content.asp?parent=6&lng=en&mid=26
10) Ecological Footprint. November 2010. http://myfootprint.org/
